Guide For Authors

CALL FOR PAPER

The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB) is an Open Access journal that publishes research analysis and inquiry into contemporary issues of finance, economics, and business in Asia. The journal has published four issues per year quarterly in English, both printed and online, with DOI from its inception in 2014 to 2019. The journal publishes twelve issues per year monthly in full English, both printed and online, with DOI from January 2020 to December 2022. JAFEB accepts submissions on a rolling basis and publishes accepted articles on the first-in-first-out method. The average overall time from submission of the manuscript to publication is about 90-120 days. JAFEB accepts submissions on a rolling basis and publishes accepted articles on the first-in-first-out method from January 2023 onwards. 

Double-Blind Peer Review
JAFEB uses a double-blind review, which means the authors' identities are concealed from the reviewers and vice versa. To facilitate this, please include the following separately:
Title page (with author details): This should include the title, author's names, affiliations, acknowledgments, any Declaration of Interest statement, and a complete address for the corresponding author, including an e-mail address.
Main document (without author details): The main body of the paper (including the references, figures, tables, and any acknowledgments) should not include any identifying information, such as the author's names or affiliations. 

Types of Paper
Regular Research Article: This should describe new and/or carefully investigated findings, and research methods should be given in sufficient detail for others to verify the work. Articles should be 5,000 - 7,000 words long to describe and interpret the work. All regular research articles are peer-reviewed by a minimum of 3 referees.
Short Communication Article: This short communication is suitable for reporting the results of small investigations or giving details of new models, innovative methods, or techniques. The style of main sections doesn’t need to conform to that of full-length papers. Short communications should usually be 3,000~5,000 words long. Short communication articles are also peer-reviewed. 

Submission to ACOMS Peer Review System: 
Authors are requested to submit their papers electronically to the ACOMS Peer Review System of the Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB). Please note that even if your paper has passed the JAFEB Peer Review Process via the ACOMS Peer Review System (also called “ACOMS”), it still requires Editor-in-Chief’s final decision on its acceptance and publication through the Editorial Head Office. From this point, your article will go through Editorial Executive Board's content selection process and Editor-in-Chief’s final decision to determine if it is accepted and published in its current form or required further revisions, in which case it will be subject to Editorial Executive Board's recommendation. The journal's Editorial Board will be very selective, accepting only articles based on scholarly merit, research significance, research integrity, and complete compliance with the journal style guidelines (APA).  The JAFEB Editorial Board respects and promotes all authors and contributors based on research ability and experience without considering race, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship, financial means, or any of the narrow frames of reference. 

[GUIDE FOR AUTHORS] 

Authors are encouraged to include tables and figures in the main file. All manuscripts must be accompanied by a letter that indicates briefly why the article is suitable for publication in the Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB) and attests that “The paper has not been previously published and is not under review elsewhere. All manuscripts must be prepared according to the JAFEB submission guidelines. Please read the detailed guidelines for manuscript preparation and submission at http://www.jafeb.org. 

1. Introduction 

The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB) is an Open Access journal that publishes research analysis and inquiry into contemporary issues of finance, economics, and business in Asia. The journal has published four issues per year quarterly in English, both printed and online, with DOI from its inception in 2014 to 2019. The journal publishes twelve issues per year monthly in full English, both printed and online, with DOI from January 2020 to December 2022. JAFEB accepts submissions on a rolling basis and publishes accepted articles on the first-in-first-out method. The average overall time from submission of the manuscript to publication is about 90-120 days. JAFEB accepts submissions on a rolling basis and publishes accepted articles on the first-in-first-out method from January 2023 onwards. 

1.1. Submission

Submission to ACOMS Peer Review System: 
Authors are requested to submit their papers electronically to the ACOMS Peer Review System of the Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB). Please be noted that even if your paper has passed the JAFEB Peer Review Process via the ACOMS Peer Review System (also called “ACOMS”). 

1.2. Submission Declaration

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published seminar, lecture, or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere including electronically in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the copyright holder. Each submission must contain “Submission Declaration Statements” in its cover letter as follows:
[“We hereby confirm that the manuscript has no actual or potential conflict of interest with any parties, including any financial, personal, or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence or be perceived to influence. We confirm that the paper has not been published previously, it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and the manuscript is not being simultaneously submitted elsewhere.”] 

1.3. Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against publication malpractices. All authors submitting their works to the journal for publication as original articles attest that the submitted works represent their authors’ contributions and have not been copied or plagiarized in whole or in part from other works. The authors acknowledge that they have disclosed all and any actual or potential conflicts of interest with their work or its partial benefits. Similarly, the journal is committed to objective and fair double-blind peer-review of the submitted for publication works and to prevent any actual or potential conflict of interest between the editorial and review personnel and the reviewed material.
Any departures from the above-defined rules should be reported directly to the Editors-in-Chief, who is unequivocally committed to resolving such problems swiftly. Further to the above, the journal follows the highest standards of publication ethics and the Code of Conduct for Journal Editors. By joining and supporting the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) the journal will help keep the ethical imperative in promoting publication ethics and providing advice for editors and publishers.  

1.4. Plagiarism Policies and Ethical Guidelines

The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB) uses the iThenticate software to detect instances of overlapping and similar text in submitted manuscripts. You can be reassured that JAFEB is committed to actively combating plagiarism and publishing original research. iThenticate is also available to authors and researchers who wish to check their papers before submission. iThenticate compares submitted documents to extensive data repositories to create a comprehensive Similarity Report, which highlights and provides links to any significant text matches, helping to ensure that you are submitting an original and well-attributed document. iThenticate for Researchers is a separate service to Cross Check. Per JAFEB’s "Code of Ethics," authors must adhere to the guidelines outlined in this section. 

1.5. Conflict of Interest

All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest, including any financial, personal, or other relationships with other people or organizations, within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence or be perceived to influence their work. 

1.6. Copyright

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a "Journal Publishing Agreement Form" of the Publisher. Acceptance of the agreement will ensure the broadest possible dissemination of information. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript and a "Journal Publishing Agreement Form." After the publication of an article, the Copyright of the article transfers and belongs to the Author(s). This Open Access journal is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 
JAFEB and the Publisher apply the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) to our published works. This license was developed to facilitate open access – namely, free immediate access to and unrestricted reuse of original works of all types. Under this license, authors agree to make articles legally available for reuse, without permission or fees, for virtually any purpose. Anyone may copy, distribute or reuse these articles as long as the author and source are properly cited. 

2. The Preparation of Manuscripts (Main Document) 

2.1. Language

Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture). 

2.2. Word Count

While no maximum length for manuscripts is prescribed, authors are encouraged to write concisely and clearly. As a guide, short communications should be between 3,000 – 5,000 words, and regular articles should be between 5,000 - 7,000 words in length. However, full papers should be no more than ten pages in their final printed product and no more than 8,000 words in total with all-inclusive. 

2.3. Style of Presentation

1) Use A4 or Letter sheet size.
2) Margins should be 20mm for A4 size and one inch (25mm) for Letter size at the page's top, bottom, and sides.
3) Font type should be 12-point Times Roman throughout the document.
4) Double-space all body text, including abstract, references, end notes, and appendices.
5) Number all pages in your manuscript, starting with the Abstract page.
6) Manuscript text should be left-aligned. 

2.4. Use of Word Processing Software

The file must be saved in the native format of the word processor. The text should be in single-column form. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. Do not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables; prepare these using the word processor's facility. Do not import the figures into the text file but indicate their approximate locations directly in the electronic text and the manuscript. You are strongly advised to use your word processor's "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions to avoid unnecessary errors. 

3. The Presentation of Manuscripts 

3.1. Article Structure

Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1. (then 1.1.1., 1.1.2., ...), 1.2., etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to "the text." Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its separate line. 

3.1.1. Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results. 

3.1.2 Literature Review
Provide an adequate background with a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results of previous studies. 

3.1.3. Methodology
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described. 

3.1.4. Results
Provide sufficient detail to allow the results to be meaningful and informative. 

3.1.5. Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature. 

3.1.6. Conclusion
The study's main conclusions may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section. 

3.1.7. Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1), and so on. Similarly, for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc. 

3.1.8. No Footnotes, but Endnotes Acceptable
JAFEB does not accept Footnotes due to technical problems with the online publication. Please convert all footnotes to endnotes. Otherwise, please incorporate all footnotes into the text at its best. 

3.2. Tables and Figures 

3.2.1. Abbreviations
Define abbreviations not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the article's first page. Such unavoidable abbreviations in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there and in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article. 

3.2.2. Mathematical Formulae
Present simple formulae in the line of standard text where possible. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line (e.g., X p /Y m). Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that must be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text). 

3.2.3. Tables
Number tables consecutively following their appearance in the text. Avoid vertical rules. Tables must be adjustable. Be sparing in using tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. A paper in JAFEB may include six (6) tables, figures, and appendixes, if any. 

3.3. Citation and Reference Style Guides

Per JAFEB’s "Citation and Reference Style Guides," authors are expected to adhere to the guidelines of APA (American Psychological Association). 

Text: Citations in the text should follow the referencing style used by the American Psychological Association. You are referred to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth (6th) or Seventh (7th) Edition. 

References List: references should be arranged alphabetically and sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters a, b, c, etc., placed after the year of publication. 

Web References: At a minimum, the full URL and the date when the reference was last accessed should be given. Any further information should also be provided if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.). Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired or can be included in the reference list. 

3.3.1. Citation in Text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list, they should follow the standard reference style of the journal. 

All citations in the text should refer to the following:
Single author: the author's name (without initials, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;
Two authors: list all authors' last names with "and" in the text or “&” in parentheses separating the two authors and the year of publication;
More than three up to five authors: at first citation, list all authors' last names with "and" in the text or “&” in parentheses separating the last two authors and the year of publication; If more than six authors, list the first six authors followed by et al. and the year of publication. In subsequent citations, use the first author et al. 

Groups of references should be listed first alphabetically, then chronologically. For example, Kim and Lee (2008) suggest ..., or Kim, Lee, and Cormier (2009) find that ..., or Kim, Lee, Cormier, and Youn (2007) have shown that ...' 

When citing a list of references in the text, put the list in alphabetical order and separate authors by semicolons; for example, several studies (Kim &Lee, 2008; Kim, Lee, &Cormier, 2009; Kim, Lee, Cormier, &Youn, 2007; Youn &Kim, 2003) support this conclusion.
To cite a direct quotation, give pages after the year, separated by a comma and a space. For example: "Smith argues that for something to happen, it must be not only 'favorable and possible but also wanted and triggered' (2008, p.38)". 

3.3.2. List of References
References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters a, b, c, etc., placed after the year of publication. 

Reference to an article in journals:
Kim, P. J. (2009). A study on the risk management of Korean firms in the Chinese market. Journal of Distribution Science, 7(2), 5-28.
Lee, J. W., &Cormier, J. F. (2010). Effects of consumers’ demographic profile on mobile commerce Adoption. Journal of Distribution Science, 8(1), 5-11.
Youn, M. K., Kim, Y. O., Lee, M. K., &Namkung, S. (2006). Domestic restrictions on the opening of retail stores. Journal of Distribution Science, 6(2), 121-160. 

Reference to a book (ISBN):
Greenberg, P. (2001). CRM at the Speed of Light (5th ed.). Emeryville, CA: Lycos Press.
Youn, M. K., &Kim, Y. O. (2017). Principles of Distribution (2nd ed.). Seoul, Korea: Doonam Publishing. 

Reference to a thesis for a doctorate (or master's thesis):
Kim, Y. M. (2001). Study on factors of the introduction of supply chain management of Korean companies. Seoul, Korea: Doctorial dissertation, Jungang University. 

Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
Burton, R. R. (1982). Diagnosing bugs in a simple procedure skill. In D. H. Sleeman, &J. S. Brown (Eds.), Intelligent Tutoring Systems (pp.120-135), London, UK: Academic Press. 

For published conference proceedings:
Lee, J. W., &Kim, Y. E. (2007). Green distribution and its economic impact on the distribution industry. Proceedings of the Second International Conference of KODISA (pp.12-32). Seoul, Korea: KODISA. 

For magazine articles:
Youn, M. K. (2010, July). Distribution science in the medical industry. Medical Distribution Today, 39(4), 86-93. 

For newspaper articles:
Kim, Y. E. (2011). New challenges and opportunities for traditional markets. Korea Distribution News, 21 January, Section 3-4. Seoul, Korea. 

For newspaper articles (non-authored):
Korea Distribution News (2011). Future of traditional markets. Korea Distribution News, 21 January, Section 3-4. Seoul, Korea. 

For Internet resources:
Kim, D. H., &Youn, M. K. (2012). Distribution knowledge, research, and journal. Proceeding of 2012 Summer International Conference of KODISA (pp.73-78). Seoul, Korea. Retrieved August 30, 2012, from http://kodisa.org/ index.php?mid=Conferences &document_srl =8862.
China National Petroleum Corporation (2009). 2009 Annual Reports. Beijing, China: CNPC. Retrieved September 30, 2010, from http://www.cnpc.com.cn/resource/english/images1 /2009.pdf 

4. The Information on the Title Page 

4.1. Title

Concise and informative. Maximum 12 words. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. 

4.2. Author Names and Affiliations

Please indicate where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name). Below the names, present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the work was done). Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and the e-mail address of each author. Note: This information should be provided on a separate sheet, and authors should not be identified anywhere else in the manuscript. 

4.3. Corresponding Author

Indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone (with country and area code) is provided in addition to the e-mail address. 

4.4. Abstract

A concise and factual abstract is required. About 200 words in total are recommended. Please rewrite the abstract to reach about 200 words in total for this purpose. The abstract should state briefly 1) the purpose of the research, 2) the research design and methodology, 3) the principal results, and 4) the major conclusions in an unstructured manner. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential, they must be defined at first mention in the abstract. 

4.5. Keywords

Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 5 keywords. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes. 

4.6. JEL Classification Code

Immediately after keywords, provide a maximum of 5 JEL Classification codes. These codes will be used for indexing purposes. 

4.7. Acknowledgements

Collate acknowledgments in a separate section at the end of the title page, and do not include them on the main document (manuscripts) or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance, proofreading the article, etc.). 

5. The Checklist of Submission 

Hopefully, this list will be helpful during the final checking of an article before sending it to the journal's Editor for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details on any item. For email submissions, you have prepared three files: 

File 1. The Title Page
Ensure that the following items are present:
- Full detail of authors
- One author designated as the corresponding author:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address of the affiliation
- The title page must contain a “Submission Declaration Statement” in its cover letter as follows:
[“We hereby confirm that the manuscript has no actual or potential conflict of interest with any parties, including any financial, personal, or other relationships with other people or organizations within three years of beginning the submitted work that could inappropriately influence or be perceived to influence. We confirm that the paper has not been published previously, it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and the manuscript is not being simultaneously submitted elsewhere.”] 

File 2. The Main Document (Manuscript)
The text of the paper, including abstract, text, references and notes, tables, figure captions, and figures, but without the authors' names or any acknowledgments. Check that you have removed all author identification (names and affiliations) and any disclosures from the main document you will submit. Please ensure authors' names are not included in the document/file properties. 

Further considerations
1) All information about all figure captions and all tables (including title, description, and footnotes) has been provided
2) Manuscript has been "spell checked" and "grammar checked."
3) References are in the correct format for this journal
4) All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa 

6. After Acceptance 

6.1. Proofs

One set of page proofs (as PDF files) will be sent by e-mail to the corresponding author (if we do not have an e-mail address, then paper proofs will be sent by post), or a link will be provided in the e-mail so that authors can download the files themselves. We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all of your corrections are sent back to us in one communication: please check carefully before replying, as the inclusion of any subsequent modifications cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely the author's responsibility. 

6.2. Offprints

The corresponding author, at no cost, will be provided with a PDF file of the article via e-mail. For an extra charge, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint order form, which is sent once the article is accepted for publication. The PDF file is a watermarked version of the published article and includes a cover sheet with the journal cover image and a disclaimer outlining the terms and conditions of use. 

Offprints Publishing Office
6.3. Article Processing Charge (APC)

The Journal (JAFEB) is an Open Access journal accessible for free online. Yet, the print and online publication process involves costs, including setup and maintenance of the publication infrastructure, routine operation of the journal, processing of manuscripts through peer-reviews, editing, publishing, maintaining the scholarly record, and archiving. The journal depends on APC, also called Publication Fee, to cover these costs.
The cost of APC is often assumed either by the organization funding the research published in the article or by the institution where the author is employed.  

6.4. Payment Options for APC

Option 1: With a Credit Card
KODISA JOURNALS electronic payment account will be provided upon request. It is an official e-Payment System of Korea Distribution Science Association (KODISA). 

Option 2: By Bank Wire Transfer

An official receipt for the payment will be provided by the JAFEB officials upon receiving the payment. 

6.5. Waiver of Article Processing Charge (APC)

JAFEB is an Open Access journal accessible for free on the Internet. Yet, the print and online publication process involves costs, including setup and maintenance of the publication infrastructure, routine operation of the journal, processing of manuscripts through peer-reviews, editing, publishing, maintaining the scholarly record, and archiving. To cover these costs, the journal depends on APC. The cost of APC is often assumed either by the organization funding the research published in the article, by the institution at which the author is employed, or by the author oneself. 

Occasionally we may consider a limited selection of waiver of APC from our having accepted article repository for possible publication in the Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB), only one time per year per author with a waiver of APC based on the followings: 

6.5.1. Waiver of APC
1. For authors publishing in JAFEB Open Access journal, JAFEB offers waivers and discounts to authors based in JAFEB Journals Editorial Membership/Reviewer Rewards Program.
2. To ensure that editorial decisions are never influenced by the ability to pay, it is JAFEB policy that editors of JAFEB is not involved in correspondence with authors regarding payment of Article Publication Charges (APC).
3. The granted waiver system will be managed by the editorial office and administrative staff not involved in decisions regarding article acceptance. We ask authors not to discuss any issues concerning payment with editors in the submission and review process.
4. Besides the Grant of Exemption above, some JAFEB may offer additional waiver initiatives. The editors will manage these other waivers and may be discussed with them directly. 

6.5.2. Editorial Board/Reviewer Rewards Program
Though time-consuming and often unobserved, JAFEB never offer you monetary benefits for reviewing the paper. On the other hand, you will be entitled following benefits:
1. JAFEB show their best reviewers with accolades at international conferences, print their names in journals, and consider their best and brightest reviewers for prestigious positions on their editorial boards, if available.
2. A member can expect to receive 5-6 manuscripts for review over one year. It provides an opportunity to work with outstanding professionals with expertise in their domains to help shape the future of the JAFEB.
3. Being on the editorial board of a JAFEB is productive, pleasant, and prestigious, which helps add to the scientific world through the ways and guidelines given by experts in the relevant fields.
4. Proactive involvement also helps ensure that board membership is a meaningful reward for ongoing service to the journal, not a self-perpetuating sinecure. 

Note: JAFEB have standard terms for editorial board members with the expectation that only those actively contributing to the journal would benefit from the JAFEB Editorial Membership/Reviewer Rewards Program above. 

6.6. Copyright to the Author(s)
After the publication of an article, the Copyright of the article transfers and belongs to the Author(s). This is an Open Access journal distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. JAFEB and the Publisher apply the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) to the works we publish. This license was developed to facilitate open access – namely, free immediate access to and unrestricted reuse of original works of all types. Under this license, authors agree to make articles legally available for reuse, without permission or fees, for virtually any purpose. Anyone may copy, distribute or reuse these articles as long as the author and source are properly cited.